# A Peculiar Integral

Prove

$I= \displaystyle\int_{-\infty }^{\infty}\sum_{n=0}^{\infty } \frac{\left(-x^2\right)^n }{n!^{2 s}}\; \mathrm{d}x= \pi^{1-s}$.

We can start as follows, by transforming it into a generalized hypergeometric function:

$I=\displaystyle\int_{-\infty }^{\infty }\, _0F_{2 s-1} (\overbrace{1,1,1,...,1}^{2 s-1 \text{times}}; -x^2)\mathrm{d}x$, since, from the series expansion of the generalized hypergeometric function, $\, _pF_q\left(a_1,a_p;b_1,b_q;z\right)=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty } \frac{\prod_{j=1}^p \left(a_j\right)_k z^k}{\prod_{j=1}^q k! \left(b_j\right)_k}$, where $(.)_k$ is the Pochhammer symbol $(a)_k=\frac{\Gamma (a+k)}{\Gamma (a)}$.

Now the integrand function does not appear to be convergent numerically, except for $s= \frac{1}{2}$ where it becomes the Gaussian integral, and the case of $s=1$ where it becomes a Bessel function. For $s=\frac{3}{2}$ and $x=10^{19}$, the integrand takes values of $10^{1015852872356}$ (serious). Beyond that the computer starts to produce smoke. Yet it eventually converges as there is a closed form solution. It is like saying that it works in theory but not in practice!

For, it turns out, under the restriction that $2 s\in \mathbb{Z}_{>\, 0}$, we can use the following result:

$\int_0^{\infty } t^{\alpha -1} _pF_q \left(a_1,\ldots ,a_p;b_1,\ldots ,b_q;-t\right) \, dt=\frac{\Gamma (\alpha ) \prod {k=1}^p \Gamma \left(a_k-\alpha \right)}{\left(\prod {k=1}^p \Gamma \left(a_k\right)\right) \prod {k=1}^q \Gamma \left(b_k-\alpha \right)}$

Allora, we can substitute $x=\sqrt(u)$, and with $\alpha =\frac{1}{2},p=0,b_k=1,q=2 s-1$, given that $\Gamma(\frac{1}{2})=\sqrt(\pi)$,

$I=\frac{\sqrt{\pi }}{\prod _{k=1}^{2 s-1} \sqrt{\pi }}=\pi ^{1-s}$.

So either the integrand eventually converges, or I am doing something wrong, or both. Perhaps neither.